Hadoop should be downloaded in the master server using the following procedure.
# mkdir /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/
# wget http://apache.mesi.com.ar/hadoop/common/hadoop-1.2.1/hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# tar -xzf hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# mv hadoop-1.2.0 hadoop
# chown -R hadoop /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop/
Configuring Hadoop
Hadoop server must be configured in core-site.xml and should be edited where ever required.
<configuration>
<property>
<name>fs.default.name</name><value>hdfs://hadoop-master:9000/</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.permissions</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
</configuration>
hdfs-site.xml file should be editted.
<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.data.dir</name>
<value>/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/data</value>
<final>true</final>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.name.dir</name>
<value>/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name</value>
<final>true</final>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>1</value>
</property>
</configuration>
mapred-site.xml file should be edited as per the requirement example is being shown.
<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapred.job.tracker</name><value>hadoop-master:9001</value>
</property>
</configuration>
JAVA_HOME, HADOOP_CONF_DIR, and HADOOP_OPTS should be edited as follows:
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_17
export HADOOP_OPTS=-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true
export HADOOP_CONF_DIR=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/conf
Installing Hadoop on Slave Servers
Hadoop should be installed on all the slave servers
# su hadoop
$ cd /opt/hadoop
$ scp -r hadoop hadoop-slave-1:/opt/hadoop
$ scp -r hadoop hadoop-slave-2:/opt/hadoop
Configuring Hadoop on Master Server
Master server configuration
# su hadoop
$ cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop
Master Node Configuration
$ vi etc/hadoop/masters
hadoop-master
Slave Node Configuration
$ vi etc/hadoop/slaves
hadoop-slave-1
hadoop-slave-2
Name Node format on Hadoop Master
# su hadoop
$ cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop
$ bin/hadoop namenode –format
11/10/14 10:58:07 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG:
************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = hadoop-master/192.168.1.109
STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG: version = 1.2.0
STARTUP_MSG: build =
https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-1.2 -r 1479473; compiled by 'hortonfo' on Monday May 6 06:59:37 UTC 2013
STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.7.0_71
************************************************************
11/10/14 10:58:08 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map BlocksMap editlog=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/current/edits
………………………………………………….
11/10/14 10:58:08 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory /opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.
11/10/14 10:58:08 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:
************************************************************
SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at hadoop-master/192.168.1.15
************************************************************
Hadoop Services
Starting Hadoop services on the Hadoop-Master procedure explains its setup.
$ cd $HADOOP_HOME/sbin
$ start-all.sh
Addition of a New DataNode in the Hadoop Cluster is as follows:
Networking
Add new nodes to an existing Hadoop cluster with some suitable network configuration. Consider the following network configuration for new node Configuration:
IP address : 192.168.1.103
netmask : 255.255.255.0
hostname : slave3.in
Adding a User and SSH Access
Add a user working under “hadoop” domain and the user must have the access added and password of Hadoop user can be set to anything one wants.
useradd hadoop
passwd hadoop
To be executed on master
mkdir -p $HOME/.ssh
chmod 700 $HOME/.ssh
ssh-keygen -t rsa -P '' -f $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa
cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Copy the public key to new slave node in hadoop user $HOME directory
scp $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected]:/home/hadoop/
Execution done on slaves
su hadoop ssh -X [email protected]
Content of public key must be copied into file “$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys” and then the permission for the same must be changed as per the requirement.
cd $HOME
mkdir -p $HOME/.ssh
chmod 700 $HOME/.ssh
cat id_rsa.pub >>$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
ssh login must be changed from the master machine. It is possible that the ssh to the new node without a password from the master must be verified.
ssh [email protected] or [email protected]
Setting Hostname for New Node
Hostname is setup in the file directory /etc/sysconfig/network
On new slave3 machine
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=slave3.in
Machine must be restarted again or hostname command should be run under new machine with the corresponding hostname to make changes effectively.
On slave3 node machine:
hostname slave3.in
/etc/hosts must be updated on all machines of the cluster
192.168.1.102 slave3.in slave3
ping the machine with hostnames to check whether it is resolving to IP address.
ping master.in
Start the DataNode on New Node
Datanode daemon should be started manually using $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop-daemon.sh script. Master (NameNode) should correspondingly join the cluster after automatically contacted. New node should be added to the configuration/slaves file in the master server. New node will be identified by script-based commands.
Login to new node
su hadoop or ssh -X [email protected]
HDFS is started on a newly added slave node
./bin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode
jps command output must be checked on a new node.
$ jps
7141 DataNode
10312 Jps
Removing a DataNode
Node can be removed from a cluster while it is running, without any worries of data loss. A decommissioning feature is made available by HDFS which ensures that removing a node is performed securely.
Step 1
Login to master machine so that the user can check Hadoop is being installed.
$ su hadoop
Step 2
Before starting the cluster an exclude file must be configured where a key named dfs.hosts.exclude should be added to our$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xmlfile.
NameNode’s local file system contains a list of machines which are not permitted to connect to HDFS receives full path by this key and the value associated with it as follows.
<property>
<name>dfs.hosts.exclude</name><value>/home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt</value><description>>DFS exclude</description>
</property>
Step 3
Hosts with respect to decommission are determined.
File reorganization by the hdfs_exclude.txt for each and every machine to be decommissioned which will results in preventing them from connecting to the NameNode.
slave2.in
Step 4
Force configuration reloads.
“$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop dfsadmin -refreshNodes” should be run
$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop dfsadmin -refreshNodes
NameNode will be forced made to re-read its configuration, as this is inclusive for the newly updated ‘excludes’ file. Nodes will be decommissioned over a period of time intervals, and allowing time for each node’s blocks to be replicated onto machines which are scheduled to be active.jps command output should be checked on slave2.in. Once the work is done DataNode process will shutdown automatically.
Step 5
Shutdown nodes.
The decommissioned hardware can be carefully shut down for maintenance purpose after the decommission process has been finished.
$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop dfsadmin -report
Step 6
Excludes are edited again and once the machines have been decommissioned, they are removed from the ‘excludes’ file. “$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop dfsadmin -refreshNodes” will read the excludes file back into the NameNode.
Data Nodes will rejoin the cluster after the maintenance has been completed, or if additional capacity is needed in the cluster again is being informed.
To run/shutdown tasktracker
$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop-daemon.sh stop tasktracker
$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop-daemon.sh start tasktracker
Add a new node with the following steps
1) Take a new system which gives access to create a new username and password
2) Install the SSH and with master node setup ssh connections
3) Add sshpublic_rsa id key having an authorized keys file
4) Add the new data node hostname, IP address and other informative details in /etc/hosts slaves file192.168.1.102 slave3.in slave3
5) Start the DataNode on the New Node
6) Login to the new node command like suhadoop or Ssh -X [email protected]
7) Start HDFS of newly added in the slave node by using the following command ./bin/hadoop-daemon.sh start data node
8) Check the output of jps command on a new node.